Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Department of Philosophy - Faculty of Arts - Cairo University

10.21608/jarts.2025.457985

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence emerged as one of the new computer sciences that attempts to simulate human intelligence by creating a new generation of intelligent computers that can be programmed to perform tasks based on various logical capabilities, such as inference, deduction, error detection, and fallacy detection. The relationship between logic and artificial intelligence became strongly apparent at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, where the majority of studies presented in the field of artificial intelligence were based on mathematical logic theories. During this conference, the first artificial intelligence programs emerged, which were called "Logic Theorist”. These programs conducted reasoning and inference according to an automated logical system without manual human intervention. The main issue addressed by the current study is: What are the logical foundations on which artificial intelligence systems are based? The literature of artificial intelligence that discussed its logical foundations answers this question in three main points: (A) Symbolic Logic Language, (B) First-order logic theories, and (C) Inference patterns used in artificial intelligence.
 

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Journal of the Faculty of Arts
Volume 85, Issue 11 - Serial Number 1
AI and the Future of the Humanities and Social Sciences
August 2025
Pages 1-38

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