Arrangements of Al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf Al-Thaqafi (75-95 AH) (694-714 AD) in Iraq and their Impact on the State Treasury: Agricultural land as an Example

The study discussed the financial policy of Al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf Al-Thaqafi (75-95 AH) (694-714 AD) in Iraq, especially those related to agricultural lands which; formed the primary source of resources for the Umayyad state. It sheds light on an important aspect of Islamic economic history, and presents the policy of one of the most important governors in the Umayyad era and his policy in this domain. Al-Hajjaj policy generally considered a subject of debate and disagreement between ancient historians and modern researchers. The research reveals other dimensions of Al-Hajjaj’s character, which was characterized by firmness, while reserving the historical exaggeration against him, which focused on his injustice and tyranny. The study sheds light on understanding the justifications for his financial and economic policy in Iraq, which known as conflicts area that might affect the state, so strictness in dealing with opponents based on concern for the state’s economy and financial resources. This study shows the conditions of agricultural lands in terms of their financial resources and their impact on the state treasury. It focuses on the policy of pilgrims and his measures that were reflected in the state’s financial policy. It highlights the reforms he made, the goal of which was to save the state treasury from bankruptcy and to perpetuate the project of expansion of the Umayyad Empire through conquests. It showed The study shows that Al-Hajjaj acted as a man keen on the Islamic State and its project, and it is recorded that he worked to ensure the stability of agricultural communities in agricultural lands, especially those that had been reclaimed. The study examined the evaluation of Al-Hajjaj's financial policy, which had a high price. This policy angered many groups opposed to the state, especially the loyalists, who posed a threat to his authority and the authority of the Umayyad state.